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GRETA GARBO
Psycho-Analyzed

An Amazing Psycho-Analytic Portrait
of the Screen's Mystery Woman

By James Oppenheim

 


Greta Garbo as she looked when she first arrived in Hollywood–a lonely, moody, shy Swedish girl. Hollywood direction, lighting, and clever costumes helped her to burst her bondage and become a world celebrity.

The poised and perfect Garbo of today! She found in America just that help which has allowed her to bring her real self–shut in, a being of inarticulate moods–out into the glare of the Kleig lights.


How about the lovely Miss Garbo, who has but 22 years to her credit (or debit), a Swedish woman who already has become what the psychologists call the soul-image to the American people, and to many millions besides? Everything about her, so we are told, is mystery. To begin with, her history since she came to these shores reverses the theory that foreign actors are ruined by Hollywood and Americanization; their peculiar novelty wears off; their fire dies; from being passionate they become good sports, and from being unique they become commonplace. But Greta Garbo, while she was always Greta Garbo, has undergone an amazing development, as if she had added to herself only what was best in America and rejected the shoddy.
     No amount of success has rooted out her initial qualities, and, were it not for the new psychology with its knowledge of types, we could have no key to her mystery. Her mystery is this: She is genuinely shy, yet she broadcasts herself to the world; she loves solitude and is not a mixer, yet she stands in the glare of terrific publicity; it is not easy for her to express herself to others, yet she is today one of the truly remarkable actresses of the screen. America has, every year, a Prize Beauty contest, and every district of the land sends its favorite good-looker, and from these one is chosen as Miss America. Yet none of these Prize Beauties even faintly resembles Greta Garbo. She is not in any way the typical American beauty, whose symbol is the American beauty rose, shapely, open and frank of face, familiar, a good fellow, a mixer, with nothing in the least mysterious about her. She might live down the next block. Greta Garbo lives in Never-Never Land, and she is more popular, more loved of Americans than any of these.
     Her appeal is not direct, like that of an Anita Page or a Mary Pickford; it is subtle, evasive, often unexpected. She is not changeless, like a Norma Shearer or a Marion Davies. Most actresses have what we might call one face. Greta Garbo is a woman of a thousand faces. She always looks different. Spread out a set of her photographs and each is quite different. Here is the face of a very worldly woman, here is the face of an innocent, here is sheer loveliness, even magic; here is something approaching plainness. If we can say that almost every woman moves with a certain rhythm by which we place her–the athletic motion of a Helen Wills, the comedienne lightness of a Marian Davies–we can say of Greta Garbo that she has a thousand rhythms, as if she were all women in one, as if she were typical of all the women of all time.
     Such women are comparatively rare and they correspond with what the psychologist calls the soul-image, that is, the ideal woman, the woman that every man seeks in his dreams, the woman who will mean everything to him; and because she is changeable and varied, so unexpected in her thought and action, so different always, remains forever a mystery. The soul-image type woman, as Dr. Jung points out, runs the gamut of what women have been: from the shady to the light, from the demonic or devilish to the divine. Of course she may not have lived these things; but one senses in her nature all feminine possibilities–the child-like, the naive, the worldly, the irregular; maiden, mistress, wife, mother. She is Mona Lisa with her mysterious smile, a smile that sometimes looks like sadness, sometimes like joy. She is Cleopatra. She appears on the world-stage always as a disturbing beauty, a Helen that launches a thousand ships and destroys a kingdom.
     Psychologically this means that the woman is many-sided, instead of being caked and fixed like most of us. She is a mystery even to herself, and hence to men she furnishes the lure of the unknown and her many-sidedness gives promise of rich relationship.
     This, of course, does not explain Greta Garbo, so much as describe her.

 

According to Oppenheim, Garbo has become the ‘soul-image' to the American people that is, the ideal woman that every man seeks in his dreams! Above, in a love scene with Lew Ayres.
The popularity of Garbo points to a change in the American people. The great audience has come to appreciate subtlety in beauty, depth in character, artistry in acting.

 

     For explanation we must turn to the problem of types. To begin with, Greta Garbo is an introvert, not an extravert. The extravert is normally well adopted to the world, a doer rather than a dreamer, a good mixer, one who plays the game with a certain lightness of touch; among women usually a good hostess, a good pal, sociable; tactful, charming, ‘selling' herself easily, and just born that way. The introvert is the opposite. He tends to withdraw from the world into the world of imagination, of dream, of inner things. Such men and women in the Middle Ages became monks and nuns and retired to the cloisters. Such women sought not ‘carnal love' as they put it, but became the brides of the church. The introvert usually isn't a good fellow, he finds it almost impossible to ‘sell' himself, he doesn't get on, he isn't a go-getter. Yet he is necessary to our human world. He furnishes us with the poets, philosophers, dreamers, the scientists and inventors who with their successive visions and inventions keep changing the face of the earth for us.
      Greta Garbo belongs among the introverts. By nature she is shy, withdrawn, aloof, exclusive, lonely, with none of the go-getter in her. This is not a pose, but inborn; and the fact that she has developed herself, or been developed by circumstances, so that he is so many-sided is merely proof of greatness, an ability to overcome her original nature.

     She is not only an introvert, but one of the feeling type. That is, just as the leading type of man is a thinker, so the leading type of woman is a feeler, or feeling person. When feeling is extraverted, as in Mary Pickford, it takes the form of tact, charm, L harmonious sociability. She responds to others, not by figuring them out, or thinking, or even intuition, so much as by like and dislike. But when feeling is introverted, it is a very deep thing, and we call it a mood. A woman of deep moods is usually inarticulate. The mood s like a monstrous heavy weight in her that drags her away from the world, drags her down into herself. Greta Garbo is a woman of moods. She is, by nature, inarticulate.
     Just what has worked the miracle? It is true that people who have deep moods have a terrific craving to express themselves, to break the silence and reach across to their fellows, come out of their loneliness into the world; and usually such expression take the form of art. Beethoven was introverted. His gigantic moods broke their silence and became the music that has conquered the world. The silent man is heard everywhere. Eleanore Duse was introverted, and a woman of moods. She had the strength and courage to express herself as an actress.
     Did Greta Garbo overcome herself, burst her bondage, and so give, through the screen, her many-sidedness, her magic, her depth, or was it this plus the genius of direction, of lighting, even of the special dresses that were created for her? Probably the latter. She has found in America just that help which has allowed her to bring her real self, shut in, introverted, a being of inarticulate moods, out into the glare of the Kleig lights so that the world might see her as she really is.
     Her adverse critics see in her shyness mere dumbness, in her aloofness merely the fact that she is nothing and so has nothing to offer; they think she is stupid because she is not a happy conversationalist. But the new psychology, penetrating deeper, easily places her as a type which is quite normal, a type of woman meriting the old saying that still waters run deep. This type you may see all about you, though it is rarer than some of the other types. It is the introverted feeling type; usually characterized by silence, inarticulateness, languidness, a seeming coldness, sometimes a deadly superiority over others, with now and then a demonic outbreak of temper or passion. This last is the silent mood breaking through. But when these women are analyzed they are found to have deep natures, to have deep insight into life, and when they can express themselves in some adequate form often are remarkable artists.
     But Greta Garbo is not the ‘pure' type. She has developed herself into a many sidedness, so that while originally the introverted feeling type, and still retaining some of the characteristics of the type, as shyness, a love of solitude, a certain aloofness, she has in many ways developed her extraverted qualities, thus forming that type which Jung has called the soul-image type.
      The popularity of Greta Garbo points to a change in the American people. With our popular education, our popular arts, our desire to know, has come a change of taste. That Greta Garbo has become one of the most popular figures on the screen means that the great audience has come to appreciate subtlety in beauty, depth in character, artistry in acting. Where Duse was loved by thousands, Greta Garbo is loved by millions, a new development in popular artistic appreciation.

from:  Screenland     November 1929
© Copyright by  Screenland

 

 

 

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